Australasian Housing Institute, AHI

How do Australian cities compare with global cities when it comes to homelessness?

Bevan Warner from Launch Housing presents their Capital Cities Homelessness Index, an analysis of 10 comparable cities around the world who all have a homelessness problem.

Launch Housing wanted to better understand what homelessness looked like in Australia when compared to other cities globally, as well as learn from the common factors that contribute to homelessness. 


Enter the Capital Cities Homelessness Index – released during National Homelessness Week (7th to 13th August 2023) – which looks at measures and drivers of homelessness in 10 OECD cities. Along with Melbourne, Sydney and Adelaide, those cities include New York, London, Auckland, Dublin, Toronto, Vancouver and San Francisco. 


The Index considers homelessness based on four measures: 


  1. The proportion of social housing;
  2. Low-income households in rental stress;
  3. The rate of homelessness in a population;
  4. The numbers of people sleeping rough in a population.


An overall ranking was developed, as well as a rating on individual measures.

“Dublin came first out of the 10 cities, meaning it was comparatively the best on the four measures of homelessness.”

How the 10 cities fared


Overall, Dublin came first out of the 10 cities, meaning it was comparatively the best on the four measures of homelessness.


San Francisco – which came 10th, ranked comparatively the poorest. While for all other cities, the number of people sleeping rough represents around 5% of overall homelessness (San Francisco has close to 70% of people experiencing homelessness sleeping rough). 

On the overall ranking, Melbourne came in at equal 6th place with three other cities, while Sydney was equal 3rd, and Adelaide 2nd. 


Homelessness has structural causes


Across all 10 OECD cities, the Index establishes that homelessness is fuelled by structural factors – a lack of affordable housing and tight rental markets. 


This highlights that homelessness has common structural causes; that homelessness is not merely the result of personal or individual failures, but that it occurs where affordable housing options decline and poverty increases.  


These are causes that can only be addressed through significant policy and structural reforms. 


The solution is not housing alone


Fundamental to the solutions, of course, is more affordable homes. We can’t end homelessness without more homes. But we also can’t end it with only more homes.

“We need only look at what the Index tells us about homelessness in London to see how building more homes is not a solution in, and of, itself.”

We need only look at what the Index tells us about homelessness in London to see how building more homes is not a solution in, and of, itself.

 

London scored the best (1st) on proportion of social housing of all 10 cities on the Index, yet worst (10th) on rental stress for people on low incomes, with 95% of all low-income households in London experiencing rental stress. London was also ranked worst (10th) on rates of total homelessness. 

 

More affordable housing will only work when the right healthcare and other supports are in place. This is because there will always be around 15 to 20% of people moving out of homelessness who will need one-off or lifelong support as a result of the trauma they have accumulated that led to homelessness in the first place.

 

Unless we get the prevention and support measures right, paradoxically, we could end up with more homes and more street homelessness.

Melbourne – a liveable city for all?


As a community housing and homelessness services provider for the greater Melbourne area, a focus for Launch Housing is naturally on Melbourne as a city.


While 48% of low-income households in Melbourne live in rental stress, compared to other cities, Melbourne performs relatively well on this measure in the Index, although further cost of living pressures are expected to drive this rating lower in the future.


Historic underinvestment in social housing is where it really bites. Melbourne’s affordable housing supply falls drastically behind the OECD average. Melbourne rates 9th, with just 2.3% of total dwellings available as social housing, well below the 7% OECD average. All the 10 cities have a visible rough sleeping crisis, with Melbourne rating midway at 5th. 


Like many other cities that activated a rapid housing response during the COVID pandemic, temporarily ending rough sleeping, Melbourne’s success in sustaining these measures will be tracked in future editions of the Index.


While Melbourne is not the best, and certainly not the worst, the Index highlights that, across individual measures, Melbourne is not far from slipping.

“We are only one policy cycle from accepting a level of homelessness that we might otherwise have thought unthinkable.” 

A wakeup call

 

This should be a wake-up call for all of us. We are only one policy cycle from accepting a level of homelessness that we might otherwise have thought unthinkable. We don't want Melbourne to become like San Francisco – a wealthy, vibrant city where homelessness is now entrenched.

 

While all of the cities on the Index have a homelessness problem, it is Launch Housing’s hope that this Index will spark closer examination by policy makers of why some cities do better on some measures. We also hope it will enable policymakers to better hone in on solutions.

 

Why does Dublin have the lowest rates of rough sleeping? Why does Adelaide have fewer low-income earners in rental stress than the other nine cities? 

 

Historic underinvestment in public housing

 

In Australia, key to understanding the current housing affordability crisis lies in looking back over half a century at the decline in investment in public housing. In 1971, public housing made up 13% of new dwellings nationally. By 2019, this declined to a mere 1.1%.

 

Australia is beginning to see the necessary investment from state and federal governments in building new affordable housing stock but, while we wait for more homes to be built, cost-of-living pressures continue to rise and homelessness looms larger for more Australians than ever.

“Melburnians now rank homelessness close to climate change as an issue that keeps them awake at night.”

More and more people are increasingly anxious about homelessness. Launch Housing’s own research tells us that Melburnians now rank homelessness close to climate change as an issue that keeps them awake at night.

Zero homelessness is possible

Despite the current housing affordability crisis, Launch Housing remains optimistic about ending homelessness.  


The Melbourne Zero campaign to end homelessness is deliberately positive because we know that an entrenched sense of hopelessness leads to inertia. Melbourne Zero is building a movement of everyday Melburnians and brands that see ending homelessness as a possibility.


If we feel that homelessness can’t be solved, we certainly won’t do anything as individuals, businesses, organisations and governments.


Melbourne Zero is based on the idea that, when people and organisations are informed and empowered to become advocates for ending homelessness, as a community we have demonstrated that the social licence to do something about it exists.

Australia can lead the world

 

Australia is the country that has shown it can be world-leading on many policy fronts: universal healthcare, gun control, our Census, our voting system, and our almost fully matured superannuation system. There is no reason why we can’t work toward the goal of ensuring housing is there for every single person to lead productive and dignified lives.

 

It is Launch Housing’s hope that the Capital Cities Homelessness Index contributes to national discussions about housing affordability, and how the only way to make our cities truly liveable city is by ending homelessness.

 

Download the Capital Cities Homelessness Index and find out more about Melbourne Zero.

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February 14, 2025
It is with great pleasure that we announce nominations are now open for the ahi: 2025 Brighter Future Awards .
February 14, 2025
About the Australasian Housing Institute The Australasian Housing Institute (ahi) is a professional body for workers in the social and affordable housing and Specialist Homelessness Service (SHS) sectors across Australia and New Zealand. It has Branch Committees in each state and territory, as well as in New Zealand. The ahi is submitting a response to the Draft NSW Homelessness Strategy (the Strategy), representing the collective feedback of the NSW Branch Committee, with the support of the entire ahi organization. With over 2,000 members across NSW, ahi members work in both government and non-government housing organizations. The ahi has a long history of collaborating with SHS, Specialist Disability Services, and other mainstream services, including health, education, and local councils. For the past 25 years, ahi has been proudly delivering training for industry housing professionals across a wide range of areas, including tenancy management, asset management, and governance. The ahi also hosts masterclasses and networking events to support its members. The ahi provides professional development to the workforce through: Training and knowledge-building on a range of issues relevant to social housing professionals, from induction programs for new workers to advanced and specialized training in areas such as asset management, trauma-informed approaches with applicants and tenants, personal development, and community participation. A mentoring program that pairs experienced professionals with newer or younger members to help them achieve their career aspirations and goals. A certification program for social housing professionals to uphold professional standards and ensure success in their area of expertise. Leading the Annual Brighter Future Awards, which recognize excellence in the social housing industry. Promoting active, engaged, and connected membership through the delivery of topical events, seminars, webinars, masterclasses, and more. As a member-based professional body, the ahi is uniquely positioned to build trust, enhance skills, and foster relationships across both the government and non-government sectors, as well as between organizations. Summary The ahi congratulates the NSW Government on its significant investment of $6.6 billion in the 2024 budget, aimed at tackling the unprecedented housing stress and the rising numbers of individuals experiencing homelessness driven by the ongoing rental crisis in both the private rental and social housing sectors. The Strategy for 2025-2035 is highly commendable, with its three core goals—rare, brief, and non-repeated—standing out as ambitious and impactful objectives aimed at addressing homelessness. These goals are set to bring about significant changes in the social housing system and provide a clear policy framework to guide efforts toward achieving meaningful outcomes over the next decade. The ahi recognizes the importance of this Strategy and the critical role that the social and affordable rental housing system plays in meeting these goals, emphasizing the need for genuine, whole-of-government collaboration in delivering results. This approach involves collaboration across government, the not-for-profit community housing sector, and mainstream services, all supported by SHS’s within a Housing First framework and guided by a clear governance structure. It marks a shift from a deficit-driven perspective to a solution-focused, positive approach. The success of this transformation relies on collective efforts through co-design, co-evaluation, and co-delivery, ensuring the long-term effectiveness of the change. For this paradigm shift to succeed, it will require a skilled, committed, and dedicated workforce, as outlined in Principle 8 (The Workforce is Strong and Capable). Recognizing the need for a sustained, locally connected workforce is crucial to addressing the diverse needs of individuals experiencing homelessness across all three phases of their journey. In its feedback on the Strategy, the ahi emphasizes the importance of focused attention on homelessness and social housing workforce planning, professional development, industry support, and the need for culturally competent workers—both paid and voluntary—who bring diversity, inclusion skills, and lived experience. Finally, the ahi urges that Principle 8, which highlights the strength and capability of the workforce, be prioritized, particularly in supporting First Nations people experiencing housing stress and homelessness, with a long-term vision extending beyond the next 10 years. Detailed response The following is more a detailed response from the ahi to the questions outlined in the consultation paper for the Strategy. SECTION 1: The Guiding Principles of the Strategy 1. What do we need to consider as we implement services and system reform guided by these principles (total 9) over the next 10 years? As we implement services and system reform guided by these principles over the next 10 years, the ahi suggests the following approaches be prioritized: Workforce planning should be a key focus in the first rolling action plan (2025-2027), with an emphasis on forecasting the ongoing skills and competency needs throughout the life of The Strategy. This will ensure the workforce is equipped to meet evolving demands. Increasing the supply of dwellings to address crisis, transition, and permanent housing needs must be matched by a parallel increase in the workforce. This includes expanding both paid employees and volunteers within social housing, community housing organizations, and Specialist Homelessness Services (SHS). A well-supported workforce is essential to ensuring the successful and sustainable delivery of outcomes envisioned by the Strategy. Skilling workers who assist First Nations people experiencing homelessness should be prioritised. This requires a culturally competent workforce at all levels to provide high-quality services and ensure that First Nations people do not experience repeated homelessness. By focusing on cultural competence, we can foster better outcomes and long-term stability for these communities. 2. Which Principle should be prioritized and why? The ahi fully supports all nine Principles, with particular emphasis on Principle 8: Workforce is Strong and Capable, as being foundational. Addressing homelessness is a person-centered solution that requires culturally competent employees and volunteers who can establish strong, supportive networks with wraparound services at the local community level. This is essential to meeting the evolving needs and remains a high priority in the First Action Plan (2025-2027). Ongoing professional development for workers is crucial to ensuring long-term success in meeting the changing social, economic, and environmental needs of those living in quality housing. It is also vital for ensuring tenants not only live well but stay connected to their communities. Supporting the workforce’s safety and wellness is key to maintaining a capable, resilient workforce, which in turn ensures the best possible quality of housing, management, and support for tenants. SECTION 2: Strategy focus areas: 1. To make homelessness rare, what should NSW prioritise for action and why? The ahi believes that adequate funding for SHS’s is essential to ensure they are properly resourced to assist individuals at risk of or in a crisis state of homelessness at the point of need. The ability to identify risks and allocate resources effectively for intake assessments and service coordination is key to early intervention and prevention. A triage system is vital for facilitating positive outcomes, aiming to make homelessness a one-off experience. The ahi also supports dedicated funding for staff training and development in this field, recognizing its importance in preventing homelessness from becoming a long-term issue. Investing in training allows for timely and appropriate interventions, helping to break the cycle of homelessness early on. 2. What opportunities and risks are there for implementing actions under this outcome? Delaying action in assisting individuals experiencing homelessness can lead to a loss of faith and hope in the NSW housing system, pushing them toward the justice system or, in the case of older people or women escaping domestic violence, even premature death. Implementing this outcome presents an opportunity to build a culturally competent, and trauma-informed workforce, a key factor to transforming lives while simultaneously increasing the supply of housing. Supporting a resilient workforce, where high job satisfaction is fostered, creates committed and effective workers who can make a lasting difference. 3. What types (s) would be most useful to measure our impact and why? A key target in the First Action Plan (2025-2027) is to reduce the number of people on the social housing waitlist during the reporting period. This measure will serve as an indicator of success and validate the effectiveness of early intervention policies in preventing homelessness. Additionally, setting targets for the number of employees and volunteers in the social housing and SHS sectors, as well as tracking turnover rates, is essential to assessing the success of building a stronger, more capable workforce. 4. To make homelessness brief, what should NSW Priorities for action & why? Domestic violence, family abuse, and coercive control are major causes of homelessness among women, with the number of homeless women and children increasing according to the latest data. Adequate funding for this vulnerable group is a top priority. Supporting these women has a profound impact on their recovery, resilience, and ability to raise their children, leading to positive generational outcomes in the long term. The rising trend of older women experiencing homelessness for the first time also requires early intervention to prevent premature death. 5. What opportunity and risks are there for implementing actions under this outcome? The continued trend of women dying as a result of domestic violence and family abuse is deeply concerning. In 2024, 14 older women aged 55 and over were killed, a distressing statistic according to the Commissioner for Domestic and Family Violence, Michaela Cronin. These women are at a higher risk of vulnerability, often with no support systems to rely on. Implementing actions under this outcome presents a crucial opportunity to save lives, reduce the number of women experiencing both domestic violence and homelessness, and help them rebuild their lives. 6. What types of target(s) would be useful for measuring our impact and why? Reducing the number of women who die as a result of domestic violence and family abuse during the First Action Plan (2025-2027) is an important metric to track and report, demonstrating the efficacy of The Strategy. Individual success stories are powerful testimonies that show the goals of the Strategy are benefiting both individuals and the housing system. The skills required for employees and volunteers in this area demand dedicated funding and training resources. Implementing a measure to evaluate the outcomes of training courses would be valuable, helping to refine and improve the content and application of these programs. 7. To ensure homelessness is not repeated, what should NSW prioritize for action and why? First Nations people are overrepresented in experiencing homelessness and face significant challenges in breaking the cycle. Priority should be given to this group under the Housing First Principle, supported by skilled and capable staff and volunteers, to empower them and prevent repeat homelessness. Rental tenancy laws in NSW should be reviewed, particularly regarding the cessation of tenancy due to prolonged absences. Cultural customs related to death and bereavement (Sorry Business) should be recognised as acceptable reasons for absences and incorporated into tenancy policies. 8. What opportunities and risks are there in implementing actions under this outcome? The risk of not achieving the goals outlined in the National Agreement on Closing the Gap for the NSW Government is significant if priority is not given to properly housing and supporting First Nations people. There are valuable opportunities in collaborating with Aboriginal leaders through a co-design, co-evaluation, and co-delivery approach. Their collective commitment to improving the lives of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people can lead to positive outcomes in housing, health, education, employment, justice, safety, and inclusion. 9. What types of target(s) would be most useful to measure the impact and why? Increase the number of Aboriginal workers with certified qualifications across various areas of the Aboriginal housing sector. Aboriginal tenants depend on highly qualified and culturally competent workers and volunteers to help build their resilience and prevent repeated homelessness. Regular customer satisfaction surveys should be conducted to measure tenants’ satisfaction levels and identify areas of strength and improvement. Conclusion The ahi supports an ambitious supply growth program throughout the life of the Strategy to address homelessness in NSW. With 63,260 households (based on 2023-2024 data) currently on the waiting list, it is crucial to reduce this number over the next 10 years through the rolling action plans. Successfully delivering the Strategy will require a skilled, trauma-informed, and competent workforce to implement an integrated housing system. While workforce planning is mentioned as one of the nine principles, its lack of detailed planning is concerning. The ahi strongly suggests that the principles of co-design, co-evaluation, and co-delivery be incorporated from the outset in developing the rolling action plans. The ahi thanks the NSW Government for the opportunity to submit feedback and for its ongoing consideration of building a strong and capable workforce that is recognised and supported by a broad range of industries. The value of including people with lived experience and their unique knowledge and skills cannot be overlooked as an essential voice in this transformative process. Contact NSW Branch Committee - Australasian Housing Institute admin@housinginstitute.org www.theahi.com.au (02) 6494 7566 Date submitted: 11/2/25 Submitted to: Homelessness.strategy@homes.nsw.gov.au
October 24, 2024
Australasian Housing Institute (the Company) wishes to announce that effective from today, 24th October 2024, Accounting & Audit Solutions Bendigo (AASB) has been appointed as auditor of the Company. The change of auditor has occurred due to the resignation of Kelly Partners (Sydney) as the company’s auditor. The company received approval from the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) to change its auditors in accordance with section 329(6) of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). Accordingly, the Company has accepted the resignation of Kelly Partners (Sydney). AASB’s appointment is effective until the next Annual General Meeting of the Company. In accordance with section 327C of the Corporations Act, a resolution will be put to members at the 2025 Annual General Meeting to appoint AASB as the Company’s ongoing auditor.
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